2008/6/25版

全般・政治情勢

米下院は1,620億ドルのイラク・アフガン戦費予算を承認[1]。一方、米政府監査局はアフガニスタンの治安維持策の不備について厳しく指摘[2]。民主党オバマ候補もアフガニスタン政策の見直しを示唆[3]。

米ロ間で、ロシアからアフガン国軍への装備提供につき合意[4]。

内戦・治安

カンダハル州アルガンダブ郡での戦闘は早期に終結[5]したが、地雷や再攻撃への不安から帰還をためらいカンダハル市内に留まる住民も[6]。

アフガニスタン東部・パキスタン国境地帯が不安定化。米軍は東部での武装勢力の活動が前年比40％増と報告[7]。パキスタン領内からの越境攻撃[8]や、それに対するNATO/アフガン国軍の反撃[9]が拡大。パキスタン部族地域内でも勢力間の抗争が激化[10]。

アフガニスタン政府からの要請・警告[11]に応じ、パキスタン政府も越境攻撃抑止に乗り出すと表明[12]。ヘクマティヤルもパキスタン領内タリバン勢力に対し、攻撃対象をアフガニスタンからパキスタンへ振り向けるよう要請[13]。

南部・西部も含めて治安回復の兆しは見えず。初の女性兵士（英軍）・女性警官（アフガン警察）の犠牲がメディアで取り上げられる一方、女性・子どもを含む民間人被害も後をたたず。

米/NATO軍幹部が6,000名から10,000名規模の治安維持兵力増強を訴える[14]中、ドイツは1,000名の兵員増派を決定[15]。

難民・国内避難民

イランは自国内のアフガニスタン人（9割は出稼ぎ移住者）の送還を加速[16]。

治安や生活状況の悪化により、帰還の停滞や、帰還済み難民の再難民化も[17]。

民生・援助

雪解け洪水と降水不足[18]および食料不足[19]により、庶民生活はますます厳しい状況。

Quqnoosによる世論調査で9割が、援助が無駄に使われていると回答[20]。Integrity Watch Afghanistanは、援助資金の大半が組織運営費・治安関連費や海外からの資機材・サービス購入にあてられ、アフガニスタン国内に落ちるのは20％しかないと指摘[21]。

ニュースソース

全般・政治情勢に関する関連ニュース

[4] Russia joins the war in Afghanistan (Asia Times: 2008/06/25)

Smith set for Afghanistan-Pakistan border terrorism talks (ABC: 2008/06/25)

UNAMA Press Conference (UNAMA: 2008/06/23)

[4] Moscow arms for Afghanistan (AFP: 2008/06/21)

[1] US House approves war funds bill (BBC: 2008/06/20)

[1] House passes $162B for wars in Iraq, Afghanistan (AP: 2008/06/19)

[2] Further Congressional action needed for Afghan security (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

[3] Afghanistan needs more resources: Obama (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

[1] House leaders reach deal on war funding bill (REUTERS: 2008/06/18)

[2] US lacks detailed plan for Afghan forces- report (REUTERS: 2008/06/18)

[2] New Report Faults Afghan Police Progress (VOA: 2008/06/18)

Japan PM says no plans to send more troops to Afghanistan (AFP: 2008/06/17)

全般・政治情勢に関する参考資料・サイト

[2] AFGHANISTAN SECURITY: U.S. Efforts to Develop Capable Afghan Police Forces Face Challenges and Need a Coordinated, Detailed Plan to Help Ensure Accountability (Government Accountability Office: 2008/06/18)

[2] AFGHANISTAN SECURITY: Further Congressional Action May Be Needed to Ensure Completion of a Detailed Plan to Develop and Sustain Capable Afghan National Security Forces (Government Accountability Office: 2008/06/18)

International Conference in support of Afghanistan (Paris, 12th June 2008)

Declaration of the International Conference in Support of Afghanistan

Paris Conference - Fact Sheet

高村外務大臣のアフガニスタン支援国際会合への出席（外務省）

Afghanistan National Development Strategy

Country Strategy Paper - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - 2007-2013 (European Commission)

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

内戦・治安に関する関連ニュース

[12] Pakistan vows to prevent attacks on Afghanistan (AP: 2008/06/25)

22 insurgents killed in Afghanistan (Xinhua: 2008/06/25)

[9] Afghan-US troops kill 73 militants in east (Quqnoos: 2008/06/25)

Bicycle bomb blast kills one; wounds six (Quqnoos: 2008/06/25)

Five militants killed, six injured in Ghazni operation (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/25)

Civilian killed in Paktia explosion (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/25)

[10] 28 Jirga members killed, two missing in S Waziristan (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/25)

British solder killed in southern Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/25)

Coalition soldier killed, three wounded in Helmand (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/25)

[6] Afghan villagers slow to return after offensive (REUTERS: 2008/06/25)

[7] US concedes 40% increase in Taliban's attacks (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/25)

[13] Hekmatyar warns Pakistani Taliban against Afghan attacks (Quqnoos: 2008/06/25)

Pakistan blamed for Karzai attack (Al Jazeera: 2008/06/25)

[10] Bodies found of 22 abducted by Pakistani Taliban (REUTERS: 2008/06/25)

[10] Pakistani Taliban said pulling out of captured town (REUTERS: 2008/06/24)

[10] Pakistan tribe gather dead after Taliban take town (REUTERS: 2008/06/24)

"Medieval" Afghanistan needs care - UK defence chief (REUTERS: 2008/06/24)

[11] Pakistan must stop cross-border attacks: Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/24)

[7] U.S. losing ground against Afghan rebels, data show (The News Tribune: 2008/06/25)

[7] Insurgents Step up Attacks in Eastern Afghanistan (VOA: 2008/06/24)

[7] Eastern Afghan attacks 'up 40%' (BBC: 2008/06/24)

UK soldier killed in Afghanistan (BBC: 2008/06/24)

British soldier killed in Afghanistan - MoD (REUTERS: 2008/06/24)

ISAF soldier dies from wounds in Nangarhar (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/24)

Attacks on Khost, Kunar proof of Karzai's statement: Hamidzada (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/24)

Dozen Pakistanis among 27 militants killed (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/24)

Taliban vying to use Ghazni as a frontline: Osmani (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/24)

[13] Hekmatyar urges Pak Taliban to fight Americans inside Pakistan (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/24)

[11] Kabul repeats threat of 'action' in Pakistan (Quqnoos: 2008/06/24)

[10] 31 killed, 50 wounded in Pakistan's tribal areas (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/24)

Clashes continue in Afghanistan (Al Jazeera: 2008/06/24)

Afghan policewoman is shot dead (BBC: 2008/06/24)

First female police officer killed in Afghanistan: officials (AFP: 2008/06/24)

Lady constable gunned down in Herat (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/24)

16 militants, policewoman killed in Afghanistan (Afghanistan News.net: 2008/06/24)

Coalition Troops in Afghanistan Kill 15 Militants (VOA: 2008/06/24)

26 militants, two NATO soldiers killed in Afghan violence (AFP: 2008/06/24)

[15] Germany plans to boost Afghan troop limit by 1,000 (REUTERS: 2008/06/24)

[15] Germany recommend increasing Afghan troops (AP: 2008/06/24)

[15] Germany to bolster Afghan force (BBC: 2008/06/24)

[15] Stepping up commitment in Afghanistan (German Government: 2008/06/24)

Wary India, Pakistan compare notes on counter-terrorism (REUTERS: 2008/06/24)

Gun battle kills 12 Taliban fighters in Afghanistan (People's Daily: 2008/06/24)http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90851/6436003.html

2 NATO troops killed, convoy torched near Kabul (AP: 2008/06/24)

Pakistani Taliban kill 6 on 'criminal charges' (Islamic Republic News Agency: 2008/06/24)

Taleban's '$100m opium takings' (BBC: 2008/06/24)

Arghandab’s Two-Day War (Institute for War and Peace Reporting: 2008/06/24)

District free from Taliban, safe for locals to return, Afghan commander says (Globe and Mail: 2008/06/24)

[9] Air strikes kill 14 Taliban in Afghan east (REUTERS: 2008/06/24)

[9] NATO airstrike kills 15 militants in Afghanistan: officials (AFP: 2008/06/24)

[9] NATO launches artillery twice across Afghan border (AP: 2008/06/23)

[14] 6,000 troops urgently needed in Afghanistan -NATO (REUTERS: 2008/06/23)

[14] Afghanistan 'needs' more troops (BBC: 2008/06/23)

[14] US military chief wants three more brigades to fight Taliban (AFP: 2008/06/23)

Five killed, 19 injured in Afghan suicide attack (AFP: 2008/06/23)

Afghan Suicide Bomber Kills 5 Civilians; 55 Taliban Killed by Coalition Troops (VOA: 2008/06/23)

Five killed, 25 wounded in Herat suicide attack (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

Taliban fighters' corpses swapped for NSP chief release (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

Pak peace deal puts Afghan security at stake: Jamal (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

Cement project attacked in Herat (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

[9] U.S.-led troops kill 55 Taliban after Afghan ambush (REUTERS: 2008/06/23)

[9] Coalition: 55 militants killed in Afghan battle (AP: 2008/06/23)

Several insurgents killed in Paktika (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

Militants killed, detained in Helmand, Ghazni (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

Militants attack police check post in Logar (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

Two civilians, militant die in attack on NATO convoy (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

More civilians die in Afghanistan (BBC: 2008/06/23)

Afghans protest alleged civilian casualties by US forces (AFP: 2008/06/23)

Protests over Afghanistan deaths (BBC: 2008/06/23)

Seventeen tribal policemen abducted in Pakistan (AFP: 2008/06/23)

Iran seized 900 tonnes of drugs from Afghanistan in 2007 (AFP: 2008/06/23)

[6] Landmines impede civilians' return to volatile Arghandab (IRIN News: 2008/06/22)

[10] Rival militants battle in Pakistan's Khyber region (REUTERS: 2008/06/22)

[10] Death toll in Khyber Agency turf war mounts to 33 (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

Coalition food convoy ambushed in Paktia (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

Govt. urged to resolve dispute between Hazara, Kuchis (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

Commander along four Taliban killed in airstrike (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

Three Ainak copper policemen killed in attack (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

Taliban kill two policemen in Maidan Wardak (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

[9] NATO launches artillery twice across Afghan border (AP: 2008/06/22)

[9] NATO fires across Afghan border (Australian Associated Press: 2008/06/22)

[9] Attack stirs Afghan-Pakistan row (Al Jazeera: 2008/06/22)

[8] Rockets from Pakistan kill Afghan woman, 3 children (REUTERS: 2008/06/22)

[8] 4 civilians killed by rocket attacks in Khost (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

One cop killed in Helmand suicide attack (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

Charsadda journalists arrested reporting on Taliban (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

[8] NATO base attacked from Pakistan, claims ISAF (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

[8] Shells from Pakistan hit Afghan bases, NATO fires back (REUTERS: 2008/06/21)

[8] Rocket attacks on UNAMA, NATO offices (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

Dozen Taliban killed, NATO solider injured in Kunar (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

Taliban, ANA suffer casualties in clashes (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

School torched in Logar (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

Two ANA soldiers killed in Zabul blast (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

Militants killed in Helmand (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

ISAF soldier dies, 4 wounded in Paktika (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

Militants killed, detained in Kapisa (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

Bomb Blasts Kill 5 Foreign Troops in Afghanistan (VOA: 2008/06/21)

Six foreign soldiers, scores of rebels slain in Afghanistan (AFP: 2008/06/21)

Marines claim some gains in southern Afghan town (AP: 2008/06/21)

Pakistan's US ambassador urges patience over negotiations with tribes along Afghan border (International Herald Tribune: 2008/06/21)

Taliban jail break wrong-footed Afghan army (REUTERS: 2008/06/21)

Four U.S. coalition troops killed in Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/21)

Afghan blasts kill foreign soldiers (Al Jazeera: 2008/06/21)

Foreign soldier, 5 civilians killed in Helmand attack (Update) (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/20)

Deaths in Afghanistan bomb blast (Al Jazeera: 2008/06/20)

Coalition service member killed in Helmand (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/20)

Taliban still strong despite NATO operation (ADNKRONOS: 2008/06/20)

[5] Afghan forces push Taliban militants from villages (AP: 2008/06/20)

[5] Arghandab, Kandahar is safe, secure: ISAF (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/20)

10 civilians killed in Helmand suicide blast (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/20)

Suicide blast kills 10 Afghan civilians - police (REUTERS: 2008/06/20)

Suicide Bomber Kills at Least 7 in Southern Afghanistan (VOA: 2008/06/20)

Afghan suicide attack 'kills six' (BBC: 2008/06/20)

Suicide bomber kills 6 in Afghanistan (AP: 2008/06/20)

Afghan villagers return to grim aftermath of fight (AP: 2008/06/20)

Karzai’s Threat Of War Triggers Outrage in Pakistan (Inter Press Service: 2008/06/20)

Three suspected Taliban killed in Zabul (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

Doctor, guard killed by gunmen in Kunduz (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

Five officials wounded in Parwan attack (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

Taliban's attack on Wazi Zadran repulsed: NATO (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

Pakistan kills 5 rebels after attack on food convoy (REUTERS: 2008/06/19)

Militants ambush Pakistani food convoy; 6 dead (REUTERS: 2008/06/19)

As NATO Requests More Troops, Soldiers in Khost Fight Insurgents, Help to Rebuild (VOA: 2008/06/19)

Afghan Civilian Killed In Anti-Taliban Operation: NATO (AFP: 2008/06/19)

[5] Afghan Officials Says Offensive Against Taliban Successful (VOA: 2008/06/19)

[5] Afghan, NATO forces rout Taliban: officials (REUTERS: 2008/06/19)

[5] Taleban 'cleared from Kandahar' (BBC: 2008/06/19)

[5] 100 Taliban fighters killed, district recaptured: Khalid (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

Taliban weaker in 2008 than previous year: Wood (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

Hundred insurgents killed, wounded in battle: Khalid (Update) (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

ICBL concerned by Taliban mine use allegations (International Campaign to Ban Landmines: 2008/06/19)

Woman soldier among Afghan dead (BBC: 2008/06/18)

NATO, Afghan troops move against Taliban (AP: 2008/06/18)

Afghans say start anti-Taliban offensive in south (REUTERS: 2008/06/18)

Voices from Kandahar conflict (BBC: 2008/06/18)

Anti-Taleban offensive launched (BBC: 2008/06/18)

Afghans flee amid fears of battle (BBC: 2008/06/18)

Japan allocates over $4m to DIAG (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

2 ISAF soldiers killed, 10 injured in Paktika (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

Four cops killed in Khost attack (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

Three civilians killed in Farah suicide blast (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

We share concern with President Karzai: Pentagon (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

UN refuses to comment on Karzai's remarks (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

4 ISAF soldiers die, 2 receive wounds in Helmand (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

[13] We need three Brigades in Afghanistan: Mullen (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

One security guard killed another injured in Gardez (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/18)

Parliament supports Karzai's remarks (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/17)

Rallies in several provinces in support of Karzai's remarks (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/17)

Afghans say they are not planning war with Pakistan (AP: 2008/06/17)

US urges Afghans, Pakistanis to cooperate on border security (AfghanNews.Net: 2008/06/17)

内戦・治安に関する参考資料・サイト

FACTBOX-Military deaths in Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/23)

FACTBOX-Security developments in Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/23)

FACTBOX-Security developments in Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/22)

FACTBOX-Security developments in Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/21)

FACTBOX-Security developments in Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/20)

Independent study published on Afghan perceptions of security and development in Uruzgan and Paktia (CARE International UK: 2008/06/11)

Security Council Report: Update Report on Afghanistan (Number 2) (UN Security Council: 2008/06/09)

ISAF regional commands & PRT locations (ISAF: 2008/06/03)

Global Peace Index 2008 (Vision of Humanity: 2008/05/20)

American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics (CRS Report for Congress: 2008/05/14)

Country Reports on Terrorism 2007 (US State Department: 2008/4/30)

ANSO Quarterly Data Report

難民・国内避難民に関する関連ニュース

[16] 856 thousand Afghan refugees returned home from Iran (Islamic Republic News Agency: 2008/06/25)

Vaccines for refugees under UNHCR-UNICEF agreement (UNHCR: 2008/06/23)

[16] Stream of deportees from Iran continues (IRIN News: 2008/06/23)

[16] Iran adamant in forcing out Afghan refugees (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

[17] Returnees may become refugees again - ministry (IRIN News: 2008/06/19)

[17] Insecurity, uncertainty stop return of Afghan refugees (IRIN News: 2008/06/19)

Karzai orders immediate relief for Arghandab IDPs (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

Afghanistan and Iraq drive up global refugee toll (REUTERS: 2008/06/17)

Conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan Drive Up World Refugee Numbers (VOA: 2008/06/17)

Number of smuggled Afghans rises (BBC: 2008/06/17)

To Leave or Not To Leave (IRC: 2008/06/12)

Pakistan assures phased repatriation of refugees (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/11)

Instability delaying return, say Afghan weavers in Balochistan (UNHCR: 2008/06/04)

難民・国内避難民に関する参考資料・サイト

Return in Dignity, Return to What?: Review of the Voluntary Return Programme to Afghanistan (CHR. Michelsen Institute: 2008/06/19)

2007 Global Trends: Refugees, Asylum-seekers, Returnees, Internally Displaced and Stateless Persons (UNHCR: 2008/06)

民生・援助に関する関連ニュース

UN urges better protection for women in fight against torture (UN News Service: 2008/06/25)

'US troops cut water supply to Bagramis' (Quqnoos: 2008/06/25)

Juvenile justice system lacks resources (IRIN News: 2008/06/25)

[19] Drought-struck Ghoris forced to eat grass (Quqnoos: 2008/06/24)

Clashes’ zone near Kandahar to get emergency relief aid (IRIN News: 2008/06/24)

Civil-Military Operations Center Opens in Afghanistan (ISAF: 2008/06/24)

Construction work on Helmand dam started (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/23)

Afghanistan to get Pakistani wheat despite Karzai's saber rattling (Indo-Asian News Service: 2008/06/23)

[19] Khuda Bakhesh, Afghanistan: "We are hungry because of floods and drought" (IRIN News: 2008/06/22)

[19] Life threatening famine looming large in Ghor (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

Pak traders flood Nangarhar markets for wheat smuggling (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/22)

Irrigation projects completed in Samangan (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

[19] Zaranj residents face shortage of drinking water (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

Power generator in Jalalabad to benefit 15000 families (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/21)

Paying off a debt with a daughter (BBC: 2008/06/21)

Interview: Rick Corsino, UN World Food Programme Director in Afghanistan (BlogCritics: 2008/06/19)

[20] Poll: 91% of voters think aid is being wasted (Quqnoos: 2008/06/19)

Paris Conference reflects international support to Afghanistan: USAID (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/19)

Team teaches farming techniques in Zabul (ISAF: 2008/06/18)

14 MHUs to be established in five provinces (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/17)

民生・援助に関する参考資料・サイト

Hunger's global hotspots (WFP: 2008/06/24)

How the water flows: A typology of irrigation systems in Afghanistan (Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit: 2008/06/23)

[18] Afghanistan Weekly Climate Forecast (Famine Early Warning System Network: 2008/06/22)

[21] Afghanistan: Bringing Accountability Back In (Integrity Watch Afghanistan: 2008/06/19)

Strategic Agility for 21st Century Challenges: Interagency Lessons from Provincial Reconstruction Teams (Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS): 2008/06/19)

Canada's Engagement In Afghanistan - Setting A Course To 2011 (Government of Canada: 2008/06/16)

Crop monitoring in Central Asia: Apr-May 2008 (European Commission: 2008/06/12)

FACTBOX-Donors' aid pledges for Afghanistan (REUTERS: 2008/06/12)

WFP's Operational Requirements, Shortfalls and Priorities for 2008 (WFP: 2008/06/11)

Building an effective state - priorities for public administration reform (World Bank: 2008/06)

FACTBOX-Afghanistan's international donors (REUTERS: 2008/06/10)

Annual Meeting of ARTF Donors in Paris - June 5, 2008 (World Bank: 2008/06)

Afghanistan: ICRC activities January - May 2008 (ICRC: 2008/06/09)

Evaluation: Finnish aid to Afghanistan (Government of Finland: 2008/06/05)

FEWS NET Executive Overview of Food Security (Famine Early Warning System Network: 2008/05/28)

Afghanistan Project Status (World Bank: 2008/04)

The Afghanistan Pilot Participatory Assessment (APPPA) Summary Report (ACBAR: 2008/04)

Northern Afghanistan drought impact assessment (USAID Famine Early Warning Systems: 2008/04/30)

AFGHANISTAN Food Security Alert (USAID Famine Early Warning Systems: 2008/04/24)

USAID Famine Early Warning Systems Network: Afghanistan

経済に関する関連ニュース

Afghanistan and Iraq are all about energy (Gulf Times: 2008/06/24)

Afghanistan's new front: natural gas (Globe and Mail: 2008/06/20)

Karzai wants Afghan oil & gas reserves explored (Pajhwok Afghan News: 2008/06/14)

The Minister of Rural Rehabilitation and Development signs 67 development project contracts in Kandahar (Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development: 2008/06/12)